EncryptionMajor step toward stronger encryption technology announced

Providing an additional layer of security over and above standard methods used by banks and credit card companies to send data encryption “keys” across a network, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) shares a key between two users that is made completely secure using quantum mechanics.

By transmitting the information in a quantum state, any attempt to intercept the key can be identified, as it introduces anomalies which can be detected. If this occurs, the “transaction” can be aborted, and a new key sent automatically. By sending multiple quantum keys every second, the security of a fiber line can be constantly monitored and attempts to “tap” the signal can be instantly identified.

A U.K. National Physical Laboratory (NPL) release reports that the trial, which is supported by the U.K.’s innovation agency, the Technology Strategy Board, is the first to use a single “lit” fiber, that is, fiber to transmit data and the quantum key itself.

The use of a single fiber is significant, as both the quantum ‘key’ and the encrypted data can now use the same pathway for the first time. Previously, two or three fibers were needed to deliver a secure connection.

The trial paves the way for further research into practical security applications for the technology. The test was conducted using quantum equipment developed by Toshiba, measured and evaluated by the Quantum Detection Group at NPL, and running in conjunction with ADVA Optical Networking’s encryption equipment over a live BT fiber link between Adastral Park, BT’s technology research campus in Suffolk, and another BT site in Ipswich.

Alastair Sinclair from NPL, said: “The QKD system works by sending single particles of light, known as photons, in pulses across the optical fiber. Knowing the number of photons sent and received is integral to the security of the system. At NPL, we’ve developed a series of measurements that are sensitive enough to detect the individual particles of light, which we are using to independently verify the security of the system, in order to improve customer confidence and overcome one of the major barriers to market.”

Andrew Shields from Toshiba Research Europe in Cambridge, commented: “The first field trial of QKD on lit fiber marks an importance advance for the technology. Using techniques to filter out noise from the very weak quantum signals, we’ve shown that QKD can be operated on optical fibers installed in the ground and carrying conventional data signals. This means QKD can be implemented without the need for additional ‘dark fiber’ that is often unavailable or prohibitively expensive.”

Dr. Tim Whitley, M.D., of Research & Innovation at BT, said: “Quantum Key Distribution is an exciting new frontier in security technology. Through collaboration with Toshiba, ADVA Optical Networking and NPL, we’re helping to push the boundaries of what is currently possible and opening up new possibilities for this technology to be used more widely in the future.”

“The integrity and security of mission-critical data has never been so vital, has never been so public,” commented Jörg-Peter Elbers, VP, Advanced Technology, ADVA Optical Networking. “Enterprises are acutely aware of the risks to their reputation and their business should any weakness in their data protection be found. Encrypted site-to-site connectivity without any compromise on throughput or latency is key. This QKD trial is a critical stepping stone to building a practical solution that will drive even greater levels of network security.”